The signs trembling, cold and clammy skin, irritability or aggression, drowsiness and slurred speech indicate which medical emergency?

• A. Hypoglycaemia
• B. Hypoxia
• C. Anaphylaxis
• D. Hyperglycaemia

Answer: (A)

Low blood glucose causes both the body’s automatic stress responses and brain-related symptoms. Trembling and cold, clammy skin come from adrenaline release as the body tries to raise glucose quickly. Irritability or aggression can occur as the brain senses insufficient glucose, and drowsiness with slurred speech reflects the brain not getting enough fuel. Taken together, these signs point to hypoglycaemia.

In practice, if the person is conscious and able to swallow, give a quick source of sugar such as a sugary drink or glucose gel and monitor their condition. If they’re unconscious or unable to swallow, seek urgent help and do not give anything by mouth.

Hypoxia is driven by lack of oxygen and would more often present with breathing difficulty and signs like shortness of breath or cyanosis. Anaphylaxis involves rapid swelling and airway problems, with hives or itching. Hyperglycaemia presents with thirst, frequent urination, and dehydration, not the tremors and slurred speech seen here.