Which of the following usually occurs prior to periodontal disease?

• A. Tooth loss
• B. Gingivitis
• C. Cavities
• D. Mouth ulcers

Answer: (B)

Gingivitis is the first stage in the usual progression of gum-related problems. It happens when plaque irritates the gums, causing them to become red, swollen, and prone to bleeding, but without damage to the tooth-supporting structures. This stage is typically reversible with good plaque control and professional cleaning. If it isn’t addressed, the inflammation can extend deeper and lead to periodontal disease, which involves loss of the supporting tissues around the teeth.

Tooth loss generally reflects more advanced periodontal disease or other issues, not the earliest change. Cavities affect the tooth itself, not the gums, so they aren’t the usual precursor. Mouth ulcers are unrelated to the common progression toward periodontal disease.