Which treatment should be given immediately in suspected anaphylaxis?

• A. Adrenaline intramuscular injection
• B. Hydrocortisone infusion
• C. Oxygen therapy only
• D. Antihistamine tablet

Answer: (A)

Adrenaline given by intramuscular injection is the immediate treatment because it quickly counters the life-threatening effects of anaphylaxis. It reduces airway swelling and bronchospasm, and it supports blood pressure through vasoconstriction, tackling the main problems of airway obstruction, breathing difficulty, and shock all at once. In a dental setting, this rapid response is essential, so an IM dose is given right away (adult typically 0.3 mg, child 0.15 mg, using a 1:1000 solution injected into the mid-thigh). After administering, seek emergency help, monitor the patient, and provide supportive measures such as oxygen and ensuring a safe position. While hydrocortisone and antihistamines may be used later as adjuncts, they do not reverse the acute symptoms quickly enough, and oxygen alone won’t treat the underlying reaction. If symptoms persist or recur, a second dose can be given per protocol after 5–15 minutes.